KV Storage
let's start with the simplest database type of all, key-value storage that only stores key and their values this type of database is highly performant.
mainly we use this database to store simple data with no complex data access patterns and also for caching. quick response time makes this kind of database suitable for the cache.
examples
Redis
mainly used as a cache but we can use it as the main database. it has more features like geospatial and streams.
Memcached
simple kv store with multithread architecture.
Cloudflare KV
distributed kv store that is distributed across the globe so you can access data at very low latency.
Wide-Column Database
A wide-column database stores data in columns rather than rows, allowing for flexible data modeling and efficient querying. This type of NoSQL database is designed for handling large amounts of structured data, often used in big data applications such as social media or IoT data storage and analysis. Popular examples include Apache Cassandra and HBase, both of which are open-source and highly scalable. Wide column databases are a powerful tool for managing data-intensive applications.
examples
Apache Cassandra
can store large amounts of unstructured data in a multi-cluster system that gives us no single point of failure and data becomes highly available.
HBase
Horizontally scalable database that sits on top of HDFS(Hadoop distributed file system)
Document Database
Document databases are a type of NoSQL database that store and manage data as self-contained documents. Each document can have its own unique structure, allowing for more flexible and dynamic data modeling compared to traditional relational databases. They are commonly used for managing unstructured or semi-structured data such as JSON, XML, or BSON. Popular document databases include MongoDB, Couchbase, and Amazon DocumentDB. Document databases are widely used in modern web applications for their scalability, high availability, and ease of development.
examples
MongoDB
MongoDB is a document-oriented database that stores data in flexible JSON-like documents. Its dynamic schema and indexing capabilities make it a popular choice for handling large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data.
CouchDB
CouchDB is an open-source document database that uses JSON for data storage and MapReduce for querying data. It is designed to work well with distributed architectures and allows for seamless replication and synchronization of data across multiple nodes.
Relational Database
A relational database is a type of database that stores and manages data using a set of tables with predefined columns and relationships between them. The data in each table is structured and follows a strict schema, which allows for efficient querying and manipulation using SQL. One of the key advantages of relational databases is the ability to enforce data integrity constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints. This ensures that the data remains consistent and accurate even as it grows in size
examples
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a powerful open-source relational database management system that is known for its scalability, reliability, and extensibility. It supports a wide range of features such as ACID transactions, JSON data type, and full-text search, making it a popular choice for enterprise-level applications.
MySQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system that is widely used in web applications. It is known for its ease of use, scalability, and high performance, and supports features such as ACID transactions, full-text search, and replication.
GraphDB
A graph database is a type of NoSQL database that uses graph structures to store, query, and manage data. In a graph database, data is represented as nodes and edges, where nodes are entities and edges are the relationships between them. This allows for more natural and efficient representation of complex relationships and dependencies between data points. Graph databases are commonly used in applications such as social networks, recommendation engines, and fraud detection systems.
examples
Neo4j
Neo4j is a popular graph database that is known for its high performance, scalability, and flexibility. It uses a native graph storage engine and supports features such as ACID transactions, powerful query language, and clustering for distributed environments.
Dgraph
Dgraph is a scalable and distributed graph database that uses a unique combination of graph and document structures. It supports features such as ACID transactions, real-time search, and GraphQL APIs, making it ideal for building modern applications that require efficient and flexible data management.
Search DB
Search databases are a type of database that is optimized for full-text search and natural language processing. They are commonly used in applications such as e-commerce, content management systems, and search engines, where users need to search large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data. Search databases use specialized indexing and ranking algorithms to provide fast and accurate search results, and often support features such as faceted search, autocomplete, and fuzzy search.
examples
Elastic Search
Elasticsearch is a distributed search engine that uses a document-oriented data model and provides fast and scalable search capabilities. It is commonly used in modern web applications for its ease of use, powerful search features, and flexible API.
MeiliSearch
MeiliSearch is a popular open-source search engine that is designed for developers and provides fast and relevant search results. It supports features such as typo tolerance, synonym matching, and customizable relevance ranking, making it ideal for building search applications that require precise and accurate results. MeiliSearch is easy to set up and integrates with various programming languages, frameworks, and platforms, making it a go-to choice for developers looking for a simple and powerful search solution.
Multimodal Database
Multi-model databases refer to databases that combine different types of database models into one integrated database engine. They provide a single back end and support multiple data models depending on the applications they support.
examples
FaunaDB
FaunaDB is a globally distributed, multi-model database that combines the benefits of relational, document, and graph databases. It offers a flexible data model, transactional consistency, and a serverless architecture, making it an attractive option for modern cloud-based applications.
BigData Warehouse
A big data warehouse database is a type of database that is optimized for storing and processing large volumes of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. It is designed to support advanced analytics and machine learning applications that require fast and flexible access to data. Big data warehouse databases use distributed architectures and parallel processing to handle the volume, variety, and velocity of big data. They also support data integration and transformation, data quality management, and data governance.
examples
Apache Hadoop
Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework that is designed for distributed storage and processing of large datasets. It is based on the MapReduce programming model and the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Hadoop is known for its scalability, fault-tolerance, and flexibility, and has become a popular tool for big data processing and analytics. Hadoop supports a variety of data processing tools such as Apache Spark, Apache Hive, and Apache Pig, and has a large ecosystem of third-party tools and services. With its ability to handle petabytes of data and provide insights from complex datasets, Hadoop has become a go-to choice for big data processing and analytics.
Time-series Database
A time-series database is a type of database that is optimized for storing and querying time-series data. It is designed to handle data that is generated over time, such as sensor data, financial market data, and server logs. Time-series databases are known for their fast and efficient query performance, as they can retrieve and aggregate large volumes of data across multiple time intervals. They typically offer features such as data compression, aggregation, and visualization.
examples
InfluxDB
InfluxDB is an open-source, distributed, and scalable time-series database that is designed for storing and querying high volumes of time-stamped data. It offers a SQL-like query language and supports real-time analytics, monitoring, and alerting. InfluxDB has a flexible data model that allows for easy addition and modification of data fields, making it ideal for IoT, industrial monitoring, and other time-series use cases. It integrates with various data sources and visualization tools, including Grafana and Chronograf. InfluxDB also offers enterprise-grade features such as clustering, multi-tenancy, and data retention policies, making it a popular choice for businesses of all sizes.
TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB is an open-source, distributed, and scalable time-series database that is built on top of PostgreSQL. It is designed to handle large-scale time-series data, providing fast and efficient querying, and advanced analytics capabilities. TimescaleDB offers a SQL-based query language that is compatible with PostgreSQL, making it easy to integrate with existing applications and tools. It supports automatic data retention policies, data compression, and data partitioning, providing optimized performance and storage for time-series data. TimescaleDB also offers features such as automatic replication, failover, and backups, making it a reliable and resilient solution for high-availability and disaster recovery use cases.